Because babies are born with this blockage, it must be treated promptly in order for the child to be able to eat and grow. More than 90% of intestinal stenosis and atresia occurs in the duodenum, jejeunum, and ileum. Malformaciones congenitas digestivas pediatria integral. Esophageal atresia is the most common gastrointestinal gi atresia. Epidemiology of small intestinal atresia in europe. Of the 277 neonates, 10 had obstruction in more than 1 site. These patients often have prolonged duodenal ileus. Jan 01, 2014 duodenal atresia is a comparative emergency but time should be spent in evaluation, stabilization, and rehydration. Intestinal atresia absence of a normal opening is the failure of a portion of the intestinal tract to completely form. Rare cases occur in the colon, and these may be associated with more proximal atresias.
Intestinal atresia occurs in around 1 in 3,000 births in the united states. Epidemiological data and patient characteristics were analyzed and outcomes were compared with those reported in other lmics and highincome. It occurs most frequently in the ileum lower part of the small intestine. Anal atresia is obvious on routine physical examination of the neonate because the anus is not patent.
Intestinal atresia ranks as the second most common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction after anorectal malformation in our hospital. Duodenal and small intestinal atresia sciencedirect. Over a year period, 24 children with intestinal atresia were managed at the jos university teaching hospital, jos, nigeria. The atresia blockage most often occurs along the small intestine divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Although more distal small bowel atresia is believed to be secondary to an ischemic episode, duodenal atresia is thought to represent a failure of recanalization of the bowel lumen that is a solid tube early in fetal life 1112 weeks. Fetal intestinal obstruction induces alteration of enteric nervous system development in human intestinal atresia, pediatr res 56. The jejuno ileal atresia is the most usual cause of congenital intestinal occlusion in newborns and the duodenal atresia is the most usual cause of high bowel obstruction in the neonatal period. Objective to evaluate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, operative management, postoperative care, and outcome in infants with intestinal atresia design retrospective case series setting pediatric tertiary care teaching hospital patients a populationbased sample of 277 neonates with intestinal atresia and stenosis treated from july 1, 1972, through april 30, 1997. Esophageal atresia is a congenital medical condition birth defect that affects the alimentary tract. Intestinal atresia is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates and is attributed to late foetal vascular accidents. Apr 16, 2019 a proposed classification system for familial intestinal atresia and its relevance to the understanding of the etiology of jejunoileal atresia.
Populationbased study of small intestinal atresia and stenosis, hawaii, 19862000, public health 118. This defect can either occur in the small or large intestine. Preservation of the fistula for reconstruction of the anal canal and the anus in atresia ani and rectovestibular fistula in. The most common cause of nonduodenal intestinal atresia is a vascular accident in utero that leads to decreased intestinal perfusion and ischemia of the respective segment of bowel. The outcome of intestinal atresia following surgical repair is very good. It comprises a variety of congenital anatomic defects that are caused by an abnormal embryological development of the esophagus. When performed, the study shows gastric dilatation and an enlarged small bowel up to the level of the atresia, where a blind pouch can be seen. Atresia intestinal wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Esophageal atresia is the most common gastrointestinal gi. Of these, the patients with the diagnosis of duodenal atresia or stenosis were selected for the occurrence of late morbidity and mortality by a retrospective analysis. See also overview of congenital gastrointestinal anomalies. Descriptive epidemiology of small intestinal atresia, atlanta. It is not open and cannot allow the passage of stomach contents. Intestinal atresia is a malformation where the there is a narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine.
The different types of intestinal atresia are named after their location. Imperforate mucosal diaphragm or stringlike segment of bowel very rare 1 per 20,000 live births associated with other congenital anomalies, including hirschsprung disease. This study is typically performed to rule out partial obstruction or malrotation, which is present in 10% of patients with jejunoileal atresia. The incidence of duodenal atresia is between 110,000 and 16,000 live births, with an approximately equal male to female ratio. Methods cases of sia delivered during january 1990 to december 2006 notified to 20 eurocat registers formed the population. This study describes the presence of additional anomalies, pregnancy outcomes, total prevalence and association with maternal age in sia cases in europe. Extrinsic causes of congenital intestinal obstruction involve compression of the bowel by vessels e. Nowadays the minimally invasive approach has been widely diffused and these surgical options are possible. Duodenal atresia is an embryopathy of the cranial intestine that leads to a complete absence of the duodenal lumen. Valdosta technical college chantilly, va gainesville, tx valdosta, ga julie kay. Intestinal atresia in association with gastroschisis. Intestinal atresia, stenosis, and malrotation clinical gate.
To describe the epidemiology of small intestinal atresia sia in atlanta, georgia, from 1968 through 1989, we used the metropolitan atlanta congenital defects program, an active, populationbased surveillance system for birth defects diagnosed during the first year of life. Longterm complications of congenital esophageal atresia andor. Five children had duodenal obstruction two atresia, two duodenal webs, one annular pancreas, 17 had jejunoileal atresia, and. Esophageal atresia merck manuals professional edition. If the diagnosis of anal atresia is missed and the neonate is fed, signs of distal bowel obstruction soon develop. A contrastenhanced upper gi series is seldom required. Longterm complications of congenital esophageal atresia. In pathology and embryology, atresia means lack of development. Intestinal atresia definition of intestinal atresia by. The most common form of intestinal atresia is duodenal atresia. Stomach and duodenum is decompressed by a small nasogastric tube. Approximately 1 out of every 1,500 babies are born with intestinal atresia or stenosis. Our aim was to determine the effect of different management strategies employed and the morbidity associated with this condition in our unit. Intestinal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the intestine, sometimes associated with a loss of tissue, resulting in a disruption of intestinal continuity.
The urine should be filtered and examined for meconium, indicating the presence of a fistula to the urinary tract. Duodenal atresia genetic and rare diseases information. If the atresia is proximal to the ampulla, the vomiting is nonbilious. Two similar classification systems, the gross and the vogt classification systems, are in use. Atresia intestinal abdomen gastroenterologia free 30. Methods cases of sia delivered during january 1990 to december 2006 notified to 20 eurocat registers formed the populationbased case series. Etiology and treatment of small intestinal atresia. In most cases, prenatal diagnosis is possible thanks to ultrasound monitoring of the pregnancies. Congenital duodenal atresia and stenosis is a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction and occurs in 1 per 5000 to 10,000 live births, affecting boys more commonly than girls. This leads to narrowing, or in the most severe cases, complete obliteration of the intestinal lumen in the case that the superior mesenteric artery, or another major intestinal artery, is occluded, large. Duodenal atresia and stenosis 383 for sidetoside anastomosis, interrupted lembert sutures 40 or 50 vicryl or monocryl start the dorsal part of anastomosis if a twolayer closure is desired. Duodenal and intestinal atresia and stenosis clinical gate.
The affected portion of the intestine will be removed, and the ends of the intestines connected. Duodenal atresia is a condition in which the first part of the small bowel the duodenum has not developed properly. Esophageal atresia pediatrics msd manual professional edition. It causes the esophagus to end in a blindended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach.
Abdominal radiograph demonstrating the characteristic doublebubble sign associated with duodenal atresia. Duodenal atresia is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum due to the defective fusion of foregut and midgut with failure of the recanalisation. Diagnosis is suspected by failure to pass a nasogastric or orogastric tube. It can also occur in the duodenum part of the intestine that empties from the stomach, jejunum second part of the intestine extending from the. Anal atresia pediatrics merck manuals professional edition. Results this study included 169 infants with duodenal atresia or stenosis. The level of obstruction was duodenal in 8 infants, jejunoileal in 128, and colonic in 21. A transverse duodenotomy is made in the proximal segment, 1 cm above the stenosis, to avoid injury of the pancreaticobiliary system. Background the epidemiology of congenital small intestinal atresia sia has not been well studied. Management problems in a developing country article pdf available in pediatric surgery international 201112.
Intestinal atresia is a congenital present at birth birth defect that develops when part of the intestines are missing or blocked. The management of neonates with intestinal atresia has improved in recent decades due to refinements in neonatal intensive care, operative technique, use of total parenteral nutrition tpn, and neonatal anesthesia. Barnards surgical treatment in christiaan barnard the first to show that intestinal atresia, a congenital gap in the small intestine. Two syndromes in particular are associated with esophageal atresia. Esophageal atresia is incomplete formation of the esophagus, frequently associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. We identified 176 infants with sia, a prevalence of 2.
Intestinal atresia is a wellrecognized cause of bowel obstruction in the newborn. Approximately onehalf of the cases involve the duodenum. Intestinal mesenteric abnormalities as a cause of intestinal atresia unifies under one etiology all the lesions observed in intestinal atresia. Introduction jejunoileal atresia is the most common cause of congenital intestinal occlusion in newborns and the duodenal atresia is the most common cause of high bowel obstruction in the neonatal period. Descriptive epidemiology of small intestinal atresia. It is thought to result from problems during an embryos development. Defecto gentico autosmico vomito no biliar y distensin abdominal superior atresia pilorica tratamiento qx. Intestinal atresia is one of the most frequent causes of bowel obstruction in the newborn and can occur at any point in the gastrointestinal tract. Duodenal atresia uf health, university of florida health. Este defeito pode ocorrer no intestino delgado ou grosso. Intestinal atresia is a blockage of the intestine that is present at birth. In 3052% of infants it is an isolated anomaly, but it is often associated with. Esophageal atresia msd manual professional edition. Duodenal atresia is an early development anomaly commonly associated with downs syndrome and cardiac abnormalities and sometimes with both oesophageal and anal atresia.
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